Fuel-injecting means for internal-combustion engines



Aug. 26 1924.

I K. J.'E. HESSELMAN FUEL INJEGTING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION menms 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 11, 1922 r L l Ikk lhuhr guy Aug 26, 1924.

K. J. E. HESSELMAN FUEL INJECTING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 11, 1922 Aug. 26,, 1924. mosgess K. J. E. HESSELMAN FUEL INJECTING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed April 11 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Aug. 26, 1924.

UNITED STATES KNUT JONAS ELIAS HESSELMAN, 0F SALTSJO-STORANGEN, SWEDEN.

FUEL-INJECTING MEANS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed April 11, 1922. Serial No. 551,705.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, KNUT JoNAs ELIAS HEssELMAN, a citizen of the Kingdom of Sweden, residing at Saltsjo-Storangen, Sweden, have invented new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Injecting Means for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the kind in which the combustion chamber is situated between the cylinder cover and the piston head and in which the fuel is centrally or substantially centrally injected in said chamber.

The object of this invention is to provide means whereby the mixing of the fuel with the air necessary for combusting same may be greatly improved. The invention is based on the following consideration. The fuel oil, when leaving the nozzle, has a large velocity and is uncompl'etely atomized. The more an oil particle removes from the nozzle, the heater and more finely divided it will be. A combustion of the oil will thus take place to a small extent only in close proximity to the nozzle and will become the more active, the more the oil particle removesfrom the nozzle. According to this invention the shape of the combustion chamber is such as to have its axial length successively increased with increasing distance from the centre of the chamber. Such a combustion chamber will have the air so distributed as is required by the combustion process.

Another feature of the invention consists in that the fuel is injected in the shape of conical jets the lower limiting genera trices of which lie in a surface parallel to the upper surface of the piston head and in close proximity thereto, yet without touching same, while a comparatively large air space will exist between the cylinder cover and the upper limiting generatrices of said conical jets of fuel.

The shape of the combustion chamber so designed and the method of injection of the fuel as above set forth will result in a very complete mixing of the fuel with the air. This and other advantages of the invention will more clearly appear from the following detailed descri tion with reference to the accompanying rawing, in which,

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the upper portion of a single-acting internal combustion engine exemplifying one embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 shows a similar section of a single-acting internal combustion engine exemplifying another embodiment of the invention. Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section of part of a vertical double-acting internal combustion engine. Fig. 4 shows a longitudinal section of part of a horizontal double-acting internal combustion engine. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate dif ferent relative positions of the injecting nozzles of the internal combustion engines shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 7 is a vertical section and Fig. 8 is a horizontal section through the upper portion of an internal combustion engine according to this invention having means for rotating the contents of the combustion chamber.

With reference to Fig. 1 of the drawing, the cylinder is formed with a plane cover 1. Placed in the centre of said cover is the fuel injecting nozzle 3. The piston head 2 is shaped to form a cone the point of which is situated immediately below the fuel injecting nozle 3, when the piston is in its innermost position, as shown in Fig. 1. The combustion chamber will thus have its axial length successively increased with increasing distance from its centre towards its periphery. The piston wall is formed with an extension 4 projecting above the piston head 2 and forming a flange reaching, in the innermost position of the piston, nearly up to the cylinder cover. The fuel injecting nozzle 3 is so constructed as to inject the fuel, the admission of which commences when the piston is in or near its innermost position, in the shape of a plurality of conical jets the lower limiting generatrices of which will lie in a surface having the same shape as the upper surface of the piston head and in close proximity thereto at the beginning of the injection, while a comparatively large air space at the same time exists between the upper limiting surface or the conical jets and the cylinder cover.

With the construction of the combustion chamber as above described, the air, as is stated in the preamble of this specification, will be so distributed as is required by the combustion process. Furthermore, the distance travelled by the fuel in the outwardly enlarged combustion chamber will be longer than in internal combustion engines of the well lmown construction in which the combustion chamber is formed semispherically. This increasement of the dis- 'central portions of the combustion chamber, that is, oppositelyto the direction of movement of. the "oil injected, and will at the same time ass through the surface in which the fuel ets lie. This will facilitate Y the mixing of the oil with the air thereby also improving the combustion.

The flange 4 forms a precautionary measure to prevent the'oil from coming into direct contact with the wall of the cylinder which would otherwise result in a-coolin of the oil. For the same purpose the speed of injection of the oil is adjusted to correspond to the speed of evaporation of the oil in order to cause the oil to evaporate before reaching the cylinder wall.

As shown in Fig. 2, the piston head 2 plane, while the cylinder'cover 1 is shaped to form a cone having its point directed towards the piston head and having the injecting nozzle 3 mounted in it at the said point.

The construction shown in F i 2 operates in a manner similar to that escribed in connection with the description of the construction shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2 no flange 4 is shown, it should be understood, however, that such a flange may also be used in combination with the construction shown in Fig. 2. I j

The constructions described above refer to single-acting internal combustion engines.

In .Flgs. 3 and 4 double-acting internal.

combustion engines are shown in which the combustion chamber is constructed according to the principlesof this invention and in which the injection of the fuel oil is effected in accordance with this invention.

With reference to Figs. '3 and 4, the .nu-'

meral 1 indicates the cylinder: cover, and

2 is the piston head of a double-actin internal combustion engine of thevertica and horizontal type, respectivel Extending centrally through the cover I'm well known manner is the piston rod 5.

The combustion chamber is enlarged successively from the centre towards the eriphgg, due to the piston head 2 tapering towards the cover 1. Provided in the piston rod 5 is a coni the cover 1 around plurality of fuel injecting valves or nozzles 3 offany well known kind, said valves or nozzles admitting each one or more conical jets of fuel towards the peripheral portion Said ets are so directed that all of them will be supplied with equal parts of the air, or the capacity of each jet may be adjusted to correspond to the air surrounding it (provided a uniform distribution of thevalr on jets have.

ing equal capacity cannot be obtained. Figs. 5 and 6 show examples of the positioning of the various injecting nozzles and show, furthermore,thedirection of the fuel 'ets.

1 The injecting nozzles may be supplied with the oil either from a common supply pump or there may be provided. a separate pump for each nozzle.

Referring again. to Fig. 4, the reference numerals 7 and 8 indicate the air inlet and air outlet, respectively, which are both ,provided in the cylinder cover. It should be noted, however, that the inlet 7 and the outlet 8 may, if desired, be situated in the cylinder wall which extends in such a case nearer to the cover.

The invention may, of .course, also be applied to two-stroke c cleen'gines.

Inall. of the embo iments described above means may be providedto cause the contents of the combustion .chamber to rotate within said chamber inorder to still accelerate the intermixing ofthe fuel with the air.

The outwardly enlarged combustion chamber ma also be obtained by shaping both the cyhnder. cover and the piston head as ber and is providedwitha shield 11 at one of its sides to cause the :air to enter the combustion chamber-in a substantially tangential direction so' as to perform a rotary movement therein.

What I claim as new is:

1. ln an internal combustion engine,.the combmation with a cylinder, of a piston therein, a'cylinder cover, a piston head, and fuel introducing means, said cover and said head being shaped so that the under side of said command the upper side of said head diverge continuously relatively to each other from the cylinder axis substantially to the peri heral wall .of the cylinder, so that a com ustion chamber is obtained between the along the said piston head from the narrowest portion of the said chamber.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination withna cylinder, of a piston therein, a cylinder cover, a piston head and fuel introducing means, said cover and said head being shaped so that the under side of said cover and the'upper side of said head diverge continuously relatively to each other from the cylinder axis substantially to the peripheral wall of the cylinder, so that a combustion chamber is obtained between said cylinder cover and said piston head, the axial length of which has its smallest value near the cylinder axis and its greatest value adjacent to the cylinder wall with successive transition between said two values, the said fuel introducing means being arranged to inject the fuel in the shape of conical jets, the lower generatrices of which lie on a surface parallel to the upper surface of the piston head, immediately above same while the upper limiting surface for said conical jets forms an air space between it and the cylinder cover, successively increased in axial length with increased distance from the center of the space to the periphery thereof.

3. lln an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a piston therein, a cylinder cover, a piston head, said cover and said head being shaped to form a space between them successively enlarged from the center towards the periphery thereof, means for admitting a plurality of conical fuel jets into said space from the narrowest portion thereof towards the periphery and means for preventing said jets of fuel to come into direct contact with the cylinder wall.

l. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a piston therein, a cylinder cover, a piston head, said cover and said head being shaped to form a space between them successively enlarged from the center towards the periphery thereof, means for admitting a plurality of conical fuel jets into said space at the narrowest portion thereof towards the periphery, said means being shaped to cause the under side of thevfuel jets to lie in a surface parallel to the upper surface of the piston cover, and means for imparting a rotary movement to the contents of the combustion chamber of the cylinder.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name.

lillll'l .J'MWAS EMA ltlhfilfilltlltll. 

